Wednesday, November 30, 2011

Mark Twain on Religion

Happy Birthday, Mark Twain! One of America's foremost literary geniuses, he also had some interesting things to say about religion. For more on his personal writings, check out the intellects section above.


So much blood has been shed by the Church because of an omission from the Gospel: "Ye shall be indifferent as to what your neighbor's religion is." Not merely tolerant of it, but indifferent to it. Divinity is claimed for many religions; but no religion is great enough or divine enough to add that new law to its code.
- Mark Twain, a Biography
We despise all reverences and all the objects of reverence which are outside the pale of our own list of sacred things. And yet, with strange inconsistency, we are shocked when other people despise and defile the things which are holy to us.
- Following the Equator

Man is a Religious Animal. He is the only Religious Animal. He is the only animal that has the True Religion--several of them. He is the only animal that loves his neighbor as himself and cuts his throat if his theology isn't straight. He has made a graveyard of the globe in trying his honest best to smooth his brother's path to happiness and heaven....The higher animals have no religion. And we are told that they are going to be left out in the Hereafter. I wonder why? It seems questionable taste.
- "The Lowest Animal"

India has two million gods, and worships them all. In religion all other countries are paupers; India is the only millionaire.
- Following the Equator

Alas! those good old days are gone, when a murderer could wipe the stain from his name and soothe his trouble to sleep simply by getting out his blocks and mortar and building an addition to a church.
- The Innocents Abroad

Monarchies, aristocracies, and religions....there was never a country where the majority of the people were in their secret hearts loyal to any of these institutions.
- The Mysterious Stranger

The easy confidence with which I know another man's religion is folly teaches me to suspect that my own is also. I would not interfere with any one's religion, either to strengthen it or to weaken it. I am not able to believe one's religion can affect his hereafter one way or the other, no matter what that religion may be. But it may easily be a great comfort to him in this life--hence it is a valuable possession to him.
- Mark Twain, a Biography

In religion and politics people's beliefs and convictions are in almost every case gotten at second-hand, and without examination, from authorities who have not themselves examined the questions at issue but have taken them at second-hand from other non-examiners, whose opinions about them were not worth a brass farthing.
- Autobiography of Mark Twain

My land, the power of training! Of influence! Of education! It can bring a body up to believe anything.
- A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court

We were good boys, good Presbyterian boys, and loyal and all that; anyway, we were good Presbyterian boys when the weather was doubtful; when it was fair, we did wander a little from the fold.
- 67th birthday dinner, 11/28/1902

I do not know what we should do without the pulpit. We could better spare the sun--the moon, anyway.
- Mark Twain in Eruption

I am quite sure now that often, very often, in matters concerning religion and politics a man's reasoning powers are not above the monkey's.
- Mark Twain in Eruption

Man is kind enough when he is not excited by religion.
- A Horse's Tale

Religion consists in a set of things which the average man thinks he believes, and wishes he was certain.
- Notebook, 1879

I was educated, I was trained, I was a Presbyterian and I knew how these things are done. I knew that in Biblical times if a man committed a sin the extermination of the whole surrounding nation--cattle and all--was likely to happen. I knew that Providence was not particular about the rest, so that He got somebody connected with the one He was after.
- Autobiography of Mark Twain

We don't cut up when mad men are bred by the old legitimate regular stock religions, but we can't allow wildcat religions to indulge in such disastrous experiments.
- "The New Wildcat Religion"

A religion that comes of thought, and study, and deliberate conviction, sticks best. The revivalized convert who is scared in the direction of heaven because he sees hell yawn suddenly behind him, not only regains confidence when his scare is over, but is ashamed of himself for being scared, and often becomes more hopelessly and malignantly wicked than he was before.
- Letter San Francisco Alta California, November 15,1868

I do not take any credit to my better-balanced head because I never went crazy on Presbyterianism. We go too slow for that. You never see us ranting and shouting and tearing up the ground, You never heard of a Presbyterian going crazy on religion. Notice us, and you will see how we do. We get up of a Sunday morning and put on the best harness we have got and trip cheerfully down town; we subside into solemnity and enter the church; we stand up and duck our heads and bear down on a hymn book propped on the pew in front when the minister prays; we stand up again while our hired choir are singing, and look in the hymn book and check off the verses to see that they don't shirk any of the stanzas; we sit silent and grave while the minister is preaching, and count the waterfalls and bonnets furtively, and catch flies; we grab our hats and bonnets when the benediction is begun; when it is finished, we shove, so to speak. No frenzy, no fanaticism --no skirmishing; everything perfectly serene. You never see any of us Presbyterians getting in a sweat about religion and trying to massacre the neighbors. Let us all be content with the tried and safe old regular religions, and take no chances on wildcat.
- "The New Wildcat Religion"

The Koran does not permit Mohammedans to drink. Their natural instincts do not permit them to be moral. They say the Sultan has eight hundred wives. This almost amounts to bigamy.
- The Innocents Abroad

Apparently one of the most uncertain things in the world is the funeral of a religion.
- Following the Equator

Zeal and sincerity can carry a new religion further than any other missionary except fire and sword.
- Christian Science

The altar cloth of one aeon is the doormat of the next.
- Notebook, 1898

I have a religion--but you will call it blasphemy. It is that there is a God for the rich man but none for the poor.....Perhaps your religion will sustain you,will feed you--I place no dependence in mine. Our religions are alike, though, in one respect--neither can make a man happy when he is out of luck.
- Letter to Orion Clemens, 10/19-20/1865

We have to keep our God placated with prayers, and even then we are never sure of him--how much higher and finer is the Indian's God......Our illogical God is all-powerful in name, but impotent in fact; the Great Spirit is not all-powerful, but does the very best he can for his injun and does it free of charge.
- Marginalia written in copy of Richard Irving Dodge's Our Wild Indians


O Lord, our father,
Our young patriots, idols of our hearts,
Go forth to battle - be Thou near them!
With them, in spirit, we also go forth
From the sweet peace of our beloved firesides To smite the foe.

O Lord, our God,
Help us to tear their soldiers
To bloody shreds with our shells;
Help us to cover their smiling fields
With the pale forms of their patriot dead; Help us to drown the thunder of
the guns With the shrieks of their wounded,
Writhing in pain.

Help us to lay waste their humble homes
With a hurricane of fire;
Help us to wring the hearts of their
Unoffending widows with unavailing grief; Help us to turn them out roofless
With their little children to wander unfriended The wastes of their
desolated land
In rags and hunger and thirst,
Sports of the sun flames of summer
And the icy winds of winter,
Burdened in spirit, worn with travail,
Imploring Thee for the refuge of the grave and denied it -

For our sakes who adore Thee, Lord,
Blast their hopes,
Blight their lives,
Protract their bitter pilgrimage,
Make heavy their steps,
Water their way with their tears,
Stain the white snow with the blood
Of their wounded feet!

We ask it in the spirit of love -
Of Him who is the source of love,
And Who is the ever-faithful
Refuge and Friend of all that are sore beset And seek His aid with humble
and contrite hearts.

Amen

There is one notable thing about our Christianity: bad, bloody, merciless, money-grabbing, and predatory. The invention of hell measured by our Christianity of today, bad as it is, hypocritical as it is, empty and hollow as it is, neither the deity nor his son is a Christian, nor qualified for that moderately high place. Ours is a terrible religion. The fleets of the world could swim in spacious comfort in the innocent blood it has spilled.

Mark Twain - Wikipedia


Colbert on Catholic Mass Changes

Colbert nails it with his wit, as per usual.


Tuesday, November 29, 2011

What is the Square Root of a Pork Chop? A Discussion on Science

The panel features Richard Dawkins, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Ann Druyan and Victor Stenger.

Moderated by D.J. Grothe (of Point of Inquiry), it took place at the New York Academy of Sciences at a Center for Inquiry conference titled "Secular Society and its Enemies."

The panel discusses atheism versus science, science education, the nature of science, various strategies for advancing science in society, threats to science education including religion and popular culture, racism and sexism in science, and many other topics.

For more information, visit http://www.centerforinquiry.net



The Evolution of the Eye

Many religious critics point to the eye, and in particular the human eye, as clear evidence for an omniscient "designer", but it is very easy to see how such a seemingly complex organ can be produced under natural selection as predicted by Darwin.

PBS - Evolution of the Eye

Evolution of the Eye - Wikipedia



Not A Lifestyle, It's Just Life

Beautiful commercial in Australia for marriage equality... It's time we let people who love each other be treated like we all would like to be treated.


Is There Anybody There?

From 1987, but much of its tenor still holds true to people of today. Great film on religious miracles, the paranormal and people's perceptions of the unknown (or what is unexplained to them)...


Monday, November 28, 2011

Why You Are (Most Likely) A Christian

Aside from a few modern-day converts from one religion to another or from no religion to some form of religion, most people practice the religion they do because their parents were of that religious persuasion, or it was tradition in their family to be of that religious faith. For the majority of christians, this reason is good enough to get by without asking any questions. I am christian because my parents are. But as you go back in time, trace the lineages, parent to grand parent and so on, you will find a startling truth about the history of the christian faith.

There have been a handful of important historical rulers and world events that shaped why your family, your ancestors, and thus you, are christian today (of one sect or another). It may frighten some to actually research the history of their own religions in this way, because it goes against the very nature of the way most people think their "good news" should spread from one person to another. Most often, it has not been accepted freely with enthusiasm. It has been forced upon the masses by war, conquest, edict, threats of death/harm, through slave trades, by suppression of paganism, apostasy, other religions and any church criticisms by the ones who held the power, and manipulated and controlled through the education systems throughout the middle and dark ages and even the enlightenment periods. Here are just a few notable examples of why and how you are probably some form of a christian today (versus any of the other world religions):

Constantine: Constantine the Great (CE 272-337) was a supreme general and ruler who created the great Roman Empire that would last for a thousand years. Christianity until that point was a very minor religion followed by a few tribes and nomads in the post apostolic era. It wasn't until CE 311 that Galerius issued an edict that officially protected the early christians from religious persecution. Constantine was Galerius' successor and because of his mother's inclination to the faith, he expanded Galerius' edict with one of his own, the Edict of Milan, which again officially protected early christians but also allowed them to recover lost property previously confiscated by that persecution. This allowed early christianity to get a foothold and throughout the course of Constantine's reign, christianity was given preference over ancient Greek and Roman gods and eventually the roman orthodoxy, the state's official religion was established for the entire empire.

Constantine the Great - Wikipedia


Charles 'The Hammer' Martel: Charles Martel (CE 688-741) was a French political leader and a brilliant military strategist during a period of decline of the roman empire. He is credited with winning the Battle of Tours in 732 by defeating a powerful, invading Muslim army that sought to conquer and convert the whole of Western Europe to Islam. He is credited with single handedly saving the west and thus christianity from the hands of Abdul Rahman al Ghafiqi, as most experts believe no other european army at that time could have withstood the invasion had Martel's army failed. The Hammer is also well known for being the grandfather of another very important person in this list, Charlemagne.

Charles 'The Hammer' Martel - Wikipedia


Charlemagne: Charles the Great, or Charlemagne (CE 742-814) was a french king and emperor of the Roman Empire from 768-814. With his connections to the papacy, Charlemagne used his power to re-unify the roman empire and expand christianity, with wars against the italians, spanish, bavarians, slavs and saxons among others, converting or killing all. It was under his rule that the roman orthodoxy really took over as a major power again in europe, this time monasteries controlled a renaissance period. Charlemagne is credited with leading a revival of learning, the arts and culture, knowing that an educated citizenry would lead to a much stronger empire. But it was only through the church that anyone could learn, and thus christianity was allowed to control the flow of information at that time and the power of the pope and regional pontiffs grew exponentially.

Charlemagne - Wikipedia


The Crusades: Once the power of the roman empire had been re-established with Charlemagne, throngs of warriors had no wars to fight. With the increasing power of the roman church, the Pope used this free army to suppress muslim expansion as well as to restore christian access to the holy places in its texts. These were declared "Just Wars". In 9 series of crusades from CE 1095-1272, christian warriors attacked muslims, converting or killing those that stood in their way and pillaging cities they captured. The pope granted these warriors 'plenary indulgence', which basically means a reprieve from any sin conducted during the crusades in the name of the lord and the cause against the muslims.

The Crusades - Wikipedia


The Inquisition: The inquisition refers to a series of tribunals of the roman catholic church (CE 1231-1860) used to root our heretics, to get them to repent and conform or die in agony. This was certainly a way to get people en masse to follow a particular religion. Fear of torture or death.

The Inquisition - Wikipedia


Mehmet the Conqueror: Mehmed II (CE 1432-1481) was sultan of the ottoman empire and presided over the fall of constantinople back to muslim hands from the roman christian empire. His empire was involved in various land conquests, and he is honored in Turkish lore, but he also had a very interesting take on the people he conquered. Unlike the christians who converted or killed those they came across, Mehmet the conqueror promoted tolerance of the religions of the people he conquered, thus allowing safe havens of christianity to exist in the arab world, by decreeing this in 1463:


"I, the Sultan Khan the Conqueror,
hereby declare the whole world that,
The Bosnian Franciscans granted with this sultanate firman are under my protection. And I command that:
No one shall disturb or give harm to these people and their churches! They shall live in peace in my state. These people who have become emigrants, shall have security and liberty. They may return to their monasteries which are located in the borders of my state.
No one from my empire notable, viziers, clerks or my maids will break their honour or give any harm to them!
No one shall insult, put in danger or attack these lives, properties, and churches of these people!
Also, what and those these people have brought from their own countries have the same rights...
By declaring this firman, I swear on my sword by the holy name of Allah who has created the ground and sky, Allah's prophet Mohammed, and 124,000 former prophets that; no one from my citizens will react or behave the opposite of this firman!"

Mehmet the Conqueror - Wikipedia


Early American Explorers: Once Europe's great powers established themselves (Portugal, France, Spain, England), they began to send out expeditions over the seas to find new trade routes to the orient to increase wealth for country and king (CE 1492-1700). Little did anyone know, there was a whole continent of natural resources and "savages" to plunder, convert, conquer and colonize. Many of the people who colonized the americas were religious puritans, seeking refuge for their own christian beliefs, especially after the reformation split catholic and protestant in Europe. The Puritan colonization (CE 1630-1800) meant that most of the new settlers were extremely orthodox in their religious views, thus setting the stage for the so-called "christian america" that we know today.

European Colonization of the Americas - Wikipedia
The Puritans - Wikipedia


Slave Trades & Missionary Expansion: As a corollary to the American colonization, the slave trade developed in Africa bringing african tribes people to the new world (CE 1441-1865), converting them to christianity and expanding missionary efforts to African as well as American natives.

African Slave Trade - Wikipedia


King James Bible: King James of England (CE 1566-1625) ultimately was responsible for spreading the christian word through the english translation of the bible in 1611. This allowed lower class individuals to be able to read the scriptures outside of the church. It is generally considered to be the most influential book in the world. There weren't many books that all people were allowed to read, the fact that the english translation of the bible was one of them, allowed the religion to grab further footholds on the commoners of the day.

King James Bible - Wikipedia


The Age of Enlightenment: Out of the dark ages came the age of enlightenment (CE 1650-1800), where much of europe was able to again focus on education, the arts, and culture. As with the enlightenment period during Charlemagne's time, this resurgence was made available, but ultimately heavily controlled and financed by the religious institutions, where much of the money, power and educational facilities were held. The result of this period led to the American Revolution and produced the first legitimate seeds of atheistic thinking by people like Denis Diderot and Thomas Paine, but ultimately the giants of the day, Isaac Newton, Mozart and others were heavily influenced by the church.

The Age of Enlightenment - Wikipedia


Just few important people and events in history are why most christians today are actually christians, as opposed to muslim, jewish, pagan or something else following any number of gods that have long since been moved to the shelves of mythology. Most people just go along with tradition, never questioning their beliefs because they trust what their parents teach them. I feel there should be a desire to know the real history of how their faith came about. You can feel good about a story and be comforted in your routines, and your parish, and your lifestyle, but there are some ugly truths that ultimately led you to believe what you claim to believe. These truths really tell an important side of the story to these types of dogmatic religions, they show how heavily influenced they can be by the hands of a select few with power. It hardly seems the work of some divine author when you look at the totality of it. The amount of people tortured and killed over it, the conquests, the inquisitions, the edicts of a handful of rulers and religious leaders.

It's a fascinating and truly eye opening tale and I encourage everyone to thoroughly research all aspects of their faith, including the history of it before deciding to commit all the way to it.

The History of Christianity - Wikipedia


Friday, November 25, 2011

The Testimony of Nate Phelps

The amazing story of Nate Phelps, son of the infamous preacher Fred Phelps and his Westboro Baptist Church. Nate details his life growing up and his escape from the clutches of the delusions of his family. An extreme case to be sure, but there are shadows of his story that ring true in my life and in my own continuing struggle to escape from the weight of an over-bearing, traumatic religious upbringing...



The Pale Blue Dot - Thinking Atheist

Beautiful rendition of the Pale Blue Dot, the incredible perspective of our tiny planet in the vast cosmic ocean by Carl Sagan (and an inspiration for my life and this blog). The Thinking Atheist  did a magnificent job on this version. Well done.


Life on Earth in 60 Seconds

Great video showing a perspective of the timeline of life evolving on earth from the planet's formation 'til now. Complex life shows up pretty late in the game and based on projections of the sun's life, we really only have about 20 more seconds after the end of this clip before the earth is consumed by the red giant.